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README.md
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---
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license: gemma
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---
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license: gemma
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base_model:
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- google/functiongemma-270m-it
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library_name: transformers.js
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---
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# FunctionGemma model card
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**Model Page**: [FunctionGemma](https://ai.google.dev/gemma/docs/functiongemma)
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**Resources and Technical Documentation**:
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- [Responsible Generative AI Toolkit](https://ai.google.dev/responsible)
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- [FunctionGemma on Kaggle](https://www.kaggle.com/models/google/functiongemma/)
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- [FunctionGemma on Vertex Model Garden](https://console.cloud.google.com/vertex-ai/publishers/google/model-garden/functiongemma)
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**Terms of Use**: [Terms](https://ai.google.dev/gemma/terms)\
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**Authors**: Google DeepMind
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## Model Information
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Summary description and brief definition of inputs and outputs.
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### Description
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> [!Note]
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> FunctionGemma is intended to be fine-tuned for your specific function-calling task, including multi-turn use cases.
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FunctionGemma is a lightweight, open model from Google, built as a foundation
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for creating your own specialized function calling models. FunctionGemma is not
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intended for use as a direct dialogue model, and is designed to be highly
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performant after further fine-tuning, as is typical of models this size. Built
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on the Gemma 3 270M model and with the same research and technology used to
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create the Gemini models, FunctionGemma has been trained specifically for
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function calling. The model has the same architecture as Gemma 3, but uses a
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different chat format. The model is well suited for text-only function calling.
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The uniquely small size makes it possible to deploy in environments with limited
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resources such as laptops, desktops or your own cloud infrastructure,
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democratizing access to state of the art AI models and helping foster innovation
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for everyone. Furthermore, akin to the base Gemma 270M, the model has been
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optimized to be extremely versatile, performant on a variety of hardware in
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single turn scenarios, but should be finetuned on single turn or multiturn task
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specific data to achieve best accuracy in specific domains.
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To demonstrate how specializing the 270M parameter model can achieve high
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performance on specific agentic workflows, we have highlighted two use cases in
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the
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[Google AI Edge Gallery app](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.google.ai.edge.gallery&pcampaignid=web_share).
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- **Tiny Garden:** A model fine-tuned to power a voice-controlled
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interactive game. It handles game logic to manage a virtual plot of land,
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decomposing commands like "Plant sunflowers in the top row" and "Water the
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flowers in plots 1 and 2" into app-specific functions (e.g., plant_seed,
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water_plots) and coordinate targets. This demonstrates the model's capacity
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to drive custom app mechanics without server connectivity.
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- **Mobile Actions:** To empower developers to build their own expert
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agents, we have published [a
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dataset](https://huggingface.co/datasets/google/mobile-actions) and
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[fine-tuning recipe](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemma-cookbook/blob/main/FunctionGemma/%5BFunctionGemma%5DFinetune_FunctionGemma_270M_for_Mobile_Actions_with_Hugging_Face.ipynb)
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to demonstrate fine-tuning FunctionGemma. It translates user inputs (e.g.,
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"Create a calendar event for lunch," "Turn on the flashlight") into
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function calls that trigger Android OS system tools. This interactive
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notebook demonstrates how to take the base FunctionGemma model and build a
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"Mobile Actions" fine tune from scratch for use in the
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[Google AI Edge gallery app](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.google.ai.edge.gallery&pcampaignid=web_share).
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| 69 |
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This use case demonstrates the model's ability to act as an offline,
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private agent for personal device tasks.
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| 71 |
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| 72 |
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### Inputs and outputs
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- **Input:**
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- Text string, such as a question, a prompt, or a document to be
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| 76 |
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summarized
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| 77 |
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- Total input context of 32K tokens
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| 78 |
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- **Output:**
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| 79 |
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- Generated text in response to the input, such as an answer to a
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| 80 |
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question, or a summary of a document
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| 81 |
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- Total output context up to 32K tokens per request, subtracting
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the request input tokens
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+
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### Basic Usage
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| 85 |
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The following is a code example of how to use FunctionGemma to generate a function call from a JSON definition using the Hugging Face Transformers.js library.
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| 87 |
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If you haven't already, you can install the [Transformers.js](https://huggingface.co/docs/transformers.js) JavaScript library from [NPM](https://www.npmjs.com/package/@huggingface/transformers) using:
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```bash
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npm i @huggingface/transformers
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```
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You can then use the model as follows:
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| 94 |
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```js
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import { AutoModelForCausalLM, AutoTokenizer } from "@huggingface/transformers";
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| 97 |
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// Load the model and tokenizer
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const model_id = "onnx-community/functiongemma-270m-it-ONNX-GQA";
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const tokenizer = await AutoTokenizer.from_pretrained(model_id);
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const model = await AutoModelForCausalLM.from_pretrained(model_id);
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| 102 |
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| 103 |
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const weather_function_schema = {
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| 104 |
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type: "function",
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| 105 |
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function: {
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| 106 |
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name: "get_current_temperature",
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| 107 |
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description: "Gets the current temperature for a given location.",
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parameters: {
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type: "object",
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properties: {
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location: {
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type: "string",
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description: "The city name, e.g. San Francisco",
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},
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},
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required: ["location"],
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},
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| 118 |
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},
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| 119 |
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};
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| 120 |
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| 121 |
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const messages = [
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| 122 |
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{
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| 123 |
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role: "developer",
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| 124 |
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content: "You are a model that can do function calling with the following functions",
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},
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| 126 |
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{
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role: "user",
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| 128 |
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content: "What's the temperature in London?",
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| 129 |
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},
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];
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| 131 |
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| 132 |
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const inputs = tokenizer.apply_chat_template(messages, {
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| 133 |
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tools: [weather_function_schema],
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tokenize: true,
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add_generation_prompt: true,
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return_dict: true,
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});
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| 138 |
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const output = await model.generate({ ...inputs, max_new_tokens: 512 });
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| 140 |
+
const decoded = tokenizer.decode(output.slice(0, [inputs.input_ids.dims[1], null]), { skip_special_tokens: false });
|
| 141 |
+
console.log(decoded);
|
| 142 |
+
// <start_function_call>call:get_current_temperature{location:<escape>London<escape>}<end_function_call><start_function_response>
|
| 143 |
+
```
|
| 144 |
+
|
| 145 |
+
For more detailed examples see the [Gemma documentation](https://ai.google.dev/gemma/docs/functiongemma).
|
| 146 |
+
|
| 147 |
+
## Model Data
|
| 148 |
+
|
| 149 |
+
Data used for model training and how the data was processed.
|
| 150 |
+
|
| 151 |
+
### Training Dataset
|
| 152 |
+
|
| 153 |
+
These models were trained on a dataset of text data that includes a wide
|
| 154 |
+
variety of sources. The model was trained with 6T tokens. The knowledge cutoff
|
| 155 |
+
date for the training data was August 2024. There are the key components:
|
| 156 |
+
|
| 157 |
+
- Public Tool Definitions - Common APIs found on the web
|
| 158 |
+
- Tool Use Interactions - These are a mix of prompts, function calls,
|
| 159 |
+
function responses, and natural language responses from the model to
|
| 160 |
+
summarise the function call response, or request clarifications when the
|
| 161 |
+
prompt is ambiguous or incomplete.
|
| 162 |
+
|
| 163 |
+
### Data Preprocessing
|
| 164 |
+
|
| 165 |
+
Here are the key data cleaning and filtering methods applied to the training
|
| 166 |
+
data:
|
| 167 |
+
|
| 168 |
+
- CSAM Filtering: Rigorous CSAM (Child Sexual Abuse Material) filtering
|
| 169 |
+
was applied at multiple stages in the data preparation process to ensure
|
| 170 |
+
the exclusion of harmful and illegal content.
|
| 171 |
+
- Sensitive Data Filtering: As part of making Gemma pre-trained models
|
| 172 |
+
safe and reliable, automated techniques were used to filter out certain
|
| 173 |
+
personal information and other sensitive data from training sets.
|
| 174 |
+
- Additional methods: Filtering based on content quality and safety in
|
| 175 |
+
line with
|
| 176 |
+
[our policies](https://ai.google/static/documents/ai-responsibility-update-published-february-2025.pdf).
|
| 177 |
+
|
| 178 |
+
## Implementation Information
|
| 179 |
+
|
| 180 |
+
Details about the model internals.
|
| 181 |
+
|
| 182 |
+
### Hardware
|
| 183 |
+
|
| 184 |
+
Gemma was trained using [Tensor Processing Unit
|
| 185 |
+
(TPU)](https://cloud.google.com/tpu/docs/intro-to-tpu) hardware (TPUv4p, TPUv5p
|
| 186 |
+
and TPUv5e). Training vision-language models (VLMs) requires significant
|
| 187 |
+
computational power. TPUs, designed specifically for matrix operations common in
|
| 188 |
+
machine learning, offer several advantages in this domain:
|
| 189 |
+
|
| 190 |
+
- Performance: TPUs are specifically designed to handle the massive
|
| 191 |
+
computations involved in training VLMs. They can speed up training
|
| 192 |
+
considerably compared to CPUs.
|
| 193 |
+
- Memory: TPUs often come with large amounts of high-bandwidth memory,
|
| 194 |
+
allowing for the handling of large models and batch sizes during training.
|
| 195 |
+
This can lead to better model quality.
|
| 196 |
+
- Scalability: TPU Pods (large clusters of TPUs) provide a scalable
|
| 197 |
+
solution for handling the growing complexity of large foundation models.
|
| 198 |
+
You can distribute training across multiple TPU devices for faster and more
|
| 199 |
+
efficient processing.
|
| 200 |
+
- Cost-effectiveness: In many scenarios, TPUs can provide a more
|
| 201 |
+
cost-effective solution for training large models compared to CPU-based
|
| 202 |
+
infrastructure, especially when considering the time and resources saved
|
| 203 |
+
due to faster training.
|
| 204 |
+
- These advantages are aligned with
|
| 205 |
+
[Google's commitments to operate sustainably](https://sustainability.google/operating-sustainably/).
|
| 206 |
+
|
| 207 |
+
### Software
|
| 208 |
+
|
| 209 |
+
Training was done using [JAX](https://github.com/jax-ml/jax) and
|
| 210 |
+
[ML Pathways](https://blog.google/technology/ai/introducing-pathways-next-generation-ai-architecture/).
|
| 211 |
+
JAX allows researchers to take advantage of the latest generation of hardware,
|
| 212 |
+
including TPUs, for faster and more efficient training of large models. ML
|
| 213 |
+
Pathways is Google's latest effort to build artificially intelligent systems
|
| 214 |
+
capable of generalizing across multiple tasks. This is specially suitable for
|
| 215 |
+
foundation models, including large language models like these ones.\
|
| 216 |
+
Together, JAX and ML Pathways are used as described in the [paper about the
|
| 217 |
+
Gemini family of models](https://goo.gle/gemma2report); *"the 'single
|
| 218 |
+
controller' programming model of Jax and Pathways allows a single Python process
|
| 219 |
+
to orchestrate the entire training run, dramatically simplifying the development
|
| 220 |
+
workflow."*
|
| 221 |
+
|
| 222 |
+
## Evaluation
|
| 223 |
+
|
| 224 |
+
Model evaluation metrics and results.
|
| 225 |
+
|
| 226 |
+
### Benchmark Results
|
| 227 |
+
|
| 228 |
+
<table>
|
| 229 |
+
<thead>
|
| 230 |
+
<tr>
|
| 231 |
+
<th><strong>Benchmark</strong></th>
|
| 232 |
+
<th><strong>n-shot</strong></th>
|
| 233 |
+
<th><strong>Function Gemma 270m</strong></th>
|
| 234 |
+
</tr>
|
| 235 |
+
</thead>
|
| 236 |
+
<tbody>
|
| 237 |
+
<tr>
|
| 238 |
+
<td>BFCL Simple</td>
|
| 239 |
+
<td>0-shot</td>
|
| 240 |
+
<td>61.6</td>
|
| 241 |
+
</tr>
|
| 242 |
+
<tr>
|
| 243 |
+
<td>BFCL Parallel</td>
|
| 244 |
+
<td>0-shot</td>
|
| 245 |
+
<td>63.5</td>
|
| 246 |
+
</tr>
|
| 247 |
+
<tr>
|
| 248 |
+
<td>BFCL Multiple</td>
|
| 249 |
+
<td>0-shot</td>
|
| 250 |
+
<td>39</td>
|
| 251 |
+
</tr>
|
| 252 |
+
<tr>
|
| 253 |
+
<td>BFCL Parallel Multiple</td>
|
| 254 |
+
<td>0-shot</td>
|
| 255 |
+
<td>29.5</td>
|
| 256 |
+
</tr>
|
| 257 |
+
<tr>
|
| 258 |
+
<td>BFCL Live Simple </td>
|
| 259 |
+
<td>0-shot</td>
|
| 260 |
+
<td>36.2</td>
|
| 261 |
+
</tr>
|
| 262 |
+
<tr>
|
| 263 |
+
<td>BFCL Live Parallel</td>
|
| 264 |
+
<td>0-shot</td>
|
| 265 |
+
<td>25.7</td>
|
| 266 |
+
</tr>
|
| 267 |
+
<tr>
|
| 268 |
+
<td>BFCL Live Multiple</td>
|
| 269 |
+
<td>0-shot</td>
|
| 270 |
+
<td>22.9</td>
|
| 271 |
+
</tr>
|
| 272 |
+
<tr>
|
| 273 |
+
<td>BFCL Live Parallel Multiple</td>
|
| 274 |
+
<td>0-shot</td>
|
| 275 |
+
<td>20.8</td>
|
| 276 |
+
</tr>
|
| 277 |
+
<tr>
|
| 278 |
+
<td>BFCL Relevance</td>
|
| 279 |
+
<td>0-shot</td>
|
| 280 |
+
<td>61.1</td>
|
| 281 |
+
</tr>
|
| 282 |
+
<tr>
|
| 283 |
+
<td>BFCL Irrelevance</td>
|
| 284 |
+
<td>0-shot</td>
|
| 285 |
+
<td>70.6</td>
|
| 286 |
+
</tr>
|
| 287 |
+
</tbody>
|
| 288 |
+
</table>
|
| 289 |
+
|
| 290 |
+
**Impact on Performance after Fine-tuning on Mobile Actions Dataset**\
|
| 291 |
+
To demonstrate the value of specialization for small language models, we
|
| 292 |
+
compared the base FunctionGemma model against the fine-tuned model using the
|
| 293 |
+
"Mobile Actions"
|
| 294 |
+
[recipe](https://github.com/google-gemini/gemma-cookbook/blob/main/FunctionGemma/%5BFunctionGemma%5DFinetune_FunctionGemma_270M_for_Mobile_Actions_with_Hugging_Face.ipynb).
|
| 295 |
+
Fine-tuning significantly improved the base FunctionGemma model's ability to
|
| 296 |
+
correctly identify and format mobile system calls.
|
| 297 |
+
|
| 298 |
+
<table>
|
| 299 |
+
<thead>
|
| 300 |
+
<tr>
|
| 301 |
+
<th><br>
|
| 302 |
+
Model</th>
|
| 303 |
+
<th><br>
|
| 304 |
+
Eval results for Mobile Actions</th>
|
| 305 |
+
</tr>
|
| 306 |
+
</thead>
|
| 307 |
+
<tbody>
|
| 308 |
+
<tr>
|
| 309 |
+
<td><br>
|
| 310 |
+
Base FunctionGemma model</td>
|
| 311 |
+
<td><br>
|
| 312 |
+
58%</td>
|
| 313 |
+
</tr>
|
| 314 |
+
<tr>
|
| 315 |
+
<td><br>
|
| 316 |
+
Mobile Actions Fine-Tune</td>
|
| 317 |
+
<td><br>
|
| 318 |
+
85%</td>
|
| 319 |
+
</tr>
|
| 320 |
+
</tbody>
|
| 321 |
+
</table>
|
| 322 |
+
|
| 323 |
+
**On-Device Performance of the Gemma 270m Fine-tuned Use Cases**\
|
| 324 |
+
We evaluated the fine-tuned use cases on a Samsung S25 Ultra to assess on-device
|
| 325 |
+
latency and memory footprint.
|
| 326 |
+
|
| 327 |
+
- **Context:** 512 prefill tokens and 32 decode tokens.
|
| 328 |
+
- **Hardware:** S25 Ultra CPU using LiteRT XNNPACK delegate with 4 threads.
|
| 329 |
+
|
| 330 |
+
Mobile Actions On Device Performance
|
| 331 |
+
|
| 332 |
+
<table>
|
| 333 |
+
<thead>
|
| 334 |
+
<tr>
|
| 335 |
+
<th><br>
|
| 336 |
+
Backend</th>
|
| 337 |
+
<th><br>
|
| 338 |
+
Quantization scheme</th>
|
| 339 |
+
<th><br>
|
| 340 |
+
Context length</th>
|
| 341 |
+
<th><br>
|
| 342 |
+
Prefill (tokens per second)</th>
|
| 343 |
+
<th><br>
|
| 344 |
+
Decode (tokens per second)</th>
|
| 345 |
+
<th><br>
|
| 346 |
+
Time-to-first-token (seconds)</th>
|
| 347 |
+
<th><br>
|
| 348 |
+
Model Size (MB)</th>
|
| 349 |
+
<th><br>
|
| 350 |
+
Peak RSS Memory (MB)</th>
|
| 351 |
+
</tr>
|
| 352 |
+
</thead>
|
| 353 |
+
<tbody>
|
| 354 |
+
<tr>
|
| 355 |
+
<td><br>
|
| 356 |
+
CPU</td>
|
| 357 |
+
<td><br>
|
| 358 |
+
dynamic_int8</td>
|
| 359 |
+
<td><br>
|
| 360 |
+
1024</td>
|
| 361 |
+
<td><br>
|
| 362 |
+
1718</td>
|
| 363 |
+
<td><br>
|
| 364 |
+
125.9</td>
|
| 365 |
+
<td><br>
|
| 366 |
+
0.3</td>
|
| 367 |
+
<td><br>
|
| 368 |
+
288</td>
|
| 369 |
+
<td><br>
|
| 370 |
+
551</td>
|
| 371 |
+
</tr>
|
| 372 |
+
</tbody>
|
| 373 |
+
</table>
|
| 374 |
+
|
| 375 |
+
Tiny Garden On Device Performance
|
| 376 |
+
|
| 377 |
+
<table>
|
| 378 |
+
<thead>
|
| 379 |
+
<tr>
|
| 380 |
+
<th><br>
|
| 381 |
+
Backend</th>
|
| 382 |
+
<th><br>
|
| 383 |
+
Quantization scheme</th>
|
| 384 |
+
<th><br>
|
| 385 |
+
Context length</th>
|
| 386 |
+
<th><br>
|
| 387 |
+
Prefill (tokens per second)</th>
|
| 388 |
+
<th><br>
|
| 389 |
+
Decode (tokens per second)</th>
|
| 390 |
+
<th><br>
|
| 391 |
+
Time-to-first-token (seconds)</th>
|
| 392 |
+
<th><br>
|
| 393 |
+
Model Size (MB)</th>
|
| 394 |
+
<th><br>
|
| 395 |
+
Peak RSS Memory (MB)</th>
|
| 396 |
+
</tr>
|
| 397 |
+
</thead>
|
| 398 |
+
<tbody>
|
| 399 |
+
<tr>
|
| 400 |
+
<td><br>
|
| 401 |
+
CPU</td>
|
| 402 |
+
<td><br>
|
| 403 |
+
dynamic_int8</td>
|
| 404 |
+
<td><br>
|
| 405 |
+
1024</td>
|
| 406 |
+
<td><br>
|
| 407 |
+
1743</td>
|
| 408 |
+
<td><br>
|
| 409 |
+
125.7</td>
|
| 410 |
+
<td><br>
|
| 411 |
+
0.3</td>
|
| 412 |
+
<td><br>
|
| 413 |
+
288</td>
|
| 414 |
+
<td><br>
|
| 415 |
+
549</td>
|
| 416 |
+
</tr>
|
| 417 |
+
</tbody>
|
| 418 |
+
</table>
|
| 419 |
+
|
| 420 |
+
## Ethics and Safety
|
| 421 |
+
|
| 422 |
+
Ethics and safety evaluation approach and results.
|
| 423 |
+
|
| 424 |
+
### Evaluation Approach
|
| 425 |
+
|
| 426 |
+
Our evaluation methods include structured evaluations and internal red-teaming
|
| 427 |
+
testing of relevant content policies. Red-teaming was conducted by a number of
|
| 428 |
+
different teams, each with different goals and human evaluation metrics. These
|
| 429 |
+
models were evaluated against a number of different categories relevant to
|
| 430 |
+
ethics and safety, including:
|
| 431 |
+
|
| 432 |
+
- **Child Safety**: Evaluation of text-to-text and image to text prompts
|
| 433 |
+
covering child safety policies, including child sexual abuse and exploitation.
|
| 434 |
+
- **Content Safety:** Evaluation of text-to-text and image to text prompts
|
| 435 |
+
covering safety policies including, harassment, violence and gore, and hate
|
| 436 |
+
speech.
|
| 437 |
+
- **Representational Harms**: Evaluation of text-to-text and image to text
|
| 438 |
+
prompts covering safety policies including bias, stereotyping, and harmful
|
| 439 |
+
associations or inaccuracies.
|
| 440 |
+
|
| 441 |
+
### Evaluation Results
|
| 442 |
+
|
| 443 |
+
For all areas of safety testing, we saw major improvements in the categories of
|
| 444 |
+
child safety, content safety, and representational harms relative to previous
|
| 445 |
+
Gemma models. All testing was conducted without safety filters to evaluate the
|
| 446 |
+
model capabilities and behaviors. The model produced minimal policy violations,
|
| 447 |
+
and showed significant improvements over previous Gemma models' performance
|
| 448 |
+
with respect to ungrounded inferences. A limitation of our evaluations was they
|
| 449 |
+
included only English language prompts.
|
| 450 |
+
|
| 451 |
+
## Usage and Limitations
|
| 452 |
+
|
| 453 |
+
These models have certain limitations that users should be aware of.
|
| 454 |
+
|
| 455 |
+
### Intended Usage
|
| 456 |
+
|
| 457 |
+
This model is not intended for use as a direct dialogue model.\
|
| 458 |
+
Open Large Language Models (LLMs) have a wide range of applications across
|
| 459 |
+
various industries and domains. The following list of potential uses is not
|
| 460 |
+
comprehensive. The purpose of this list is to provide contextual information
|
| 461 |
+
about the possible use-cases that the model creators considered as part of model
|
| 462 |
+
training and development.
|
| 463 |
+
|
| 464 |
+
- Content Creation and Communication
|
| 465 |
+
- Text Generation: These models can be used to generate creative
|
| 466 |
+
text formats such as poems, scripts, code, marketing copy, and email drafts.
|
| 467 |
+
- Chatbots and Conversational AI: Power conversational interfaces
|
| 468 |
+
for customer service, virtual assistants, or interactive applications.
|
| 469 |
+
- Text Summarization: Generate concise summaries of a text corpus,
|
| 470 |
+
research papers, or reports.
|
| 471 |
+
- Research and Education
|
| 472 |
+
- Natural Language Processing (NLP) Research: These models can
|
| 473 |
+
serve as a foundation for researchers to experiment with NLP
|
| 474 |
+
techniques, develop algorithms, and contribute to the advancement of the field.
|
| 475 |
+
- Language Learning Tools: Support interactive language learning
|
| 476 |
+
experiences, aiding in grammar correction or providing writing practice.
|
| 477 |
+
- Knowledge Exploration: Assist researchers in exploring large
|
| 478 |
+
bodies of text by generating summaries or answering questions about
|
| 479 |
+
specific topics.
|
| 480 |
+
|
| 481 |
+
### Limitations
|
| 482 |
+
|
| 483 |
+
- Training Data
|
| 484 |
+
- The quality and diversity of the training data significantly
|
| 485 |
+
influence the model's capabilities. Biases or gaps in the training data
|
| 486 |
+
can lead to limitations in the model's responses.
|
| 487 |
+
- The scope of the training dataset determines the subject areas
|
| 488 |
+
the model can handle effectively.
|
| 489 |
+
- Context and Task Complexity
|
| 490 |
+
- Models are better at tasks that can be framed with clear
|
| 491 |
+
prompts and instructions. Open-ended or highly complex tasks might be
|
| 492 |
+
challenging.
|
| 493 |
+
- A model's performance can be influenced by the amount of context
|
| 494 |
+
provided (longer context generally leads to better outputs, up to a
|
| 495 |
+
certain point).
|
| 496 |
+
- Language Ambiguity and Nuance
|
| 497 |
+
- Natural language is inherently complex. Models might struggle
|
| 498 |
+
to grasp subtle nuances, sarcasm, or figurative language.
|
| 499 |
+
- Factual Accuracy
|
| 500 |
+
- Models generate responses based on information they learned
|
| 501 |
+
from their training datasets, but they are not knowledge bases. They
|
| 502 |
+
may generate incorrect or outdated factual statements.
|
| 503 |
+
- Common Sense
|
| 504 |
+
- Models rely on statistical patterns in language. They might
|
| 505 |
+
lack the ability to apply common sense reasoning in certain situations.
|
| 506 |
+
|
| 507 |
+
### Ethical Considerations and Risks
|
| 508 |
+
|
| 509 |
+
The development of large language models (LLMs) raises several ethical
|
| 510 |
+
concerns. In creating an open model, we have carefully considered the
|
| 511 |
+
following:
|
| 512 |
+
|
| 513 |
+
- Bias and Fairness
|
| 514 |
+
- LLMs trained on large-scale, real-world text data can reflect
|
| 515 |
+
socio-cultural biases embedded in the training material. These models
|
| 516 |
+
underwent careful scrutiny, input data pre-processing described and
|
| 517 |
+
posterior evaluations reported in this card.
|
| 518 |
+
- Misinformation and Misuse
|
| 519 |
+
- LLMs can be misused to generate text that is false, misleading,
|
| 520 |
+
or harmful.
|
| 521 |
+
- Guidelines are provided for responsible use with the model, see
|
| 522 |
+
the [Responsible Generative AI Toolkit](https://ai.google.dev/responsible).
|
| 523 |
+
- Transparency and Accountability:
|
| 524 |
+
- This model card summarizes details on the models' architecture,
|
| 525 |
+
capabilities, limitations, and evaluation processes.
|
| 526 |
+
- A responsibly developed open model offers the opportunity to
|
| 527 |
+
share innovation by making LLM technology accessible to developers and
|
| 528 |
+
researchers across the AI ecosystem.
|
| 529 |
+
|
| 530 |
+
Risks identified and mitigations:
|
| 531 |
+
|
| 532 |
+
- Perpetuation of biases: It's encouraged to perform continuous
|
| 533 |
+
monitoring (using evaluation metrics, human review) and the exploration of
|
| 534 |
+
de-biasing techniques during model training, fine-tuning, and other use cases.
|
| 535 |
+
- Generation of harmful content: Mechanisms and guidelines for content
|
| 536 |
+
safety are essential. Developers are encouraged to exercise caution and
|
| 537 |
+
implement appropriate content safety safeguards based on their specific
|
| 538 |
+
product policies and application use cases.
|
| 539 |
+
- Misuse for malicious purposes: Technical limitations and developer and
|
| 540 |
+
end-user education can help mitigate against malicious applications of
|
| 541 |
+
LLMs. Educational resources and reporting mechanisms for users to flag
|
| 542 |
+
misuse are provided. Prohibited uses of Gemma models are outlined in the
|
| 543 |
+
[Gemma Prohibited Use Policy](https://ai.google.dev/gemma/prohibited_use_policy)..
|
| 544 |
+
- Privacy violations: Models were trained on data filtered for removal of
|
| 545 |
+
PII (Personally Identifiable Information). Developers are encouraged to
|
| 546 |
+
adhere to privacy regulations with privacy-preserving techniques.
|
| 547 |
+
|
| 548 |
+
### Benefits
|
| 549 |
+
|
| 550 |
+
At the time of release, this family of models provides high-performance open large language model implementations designed from the ground up for Responsible AI development compared to similarly sized models.
|