import base64
from io import BytesIO

from PIL import Image


def _pil_image_to_base64_jpeg(image: Image.Image) -> str:
    """Encode a PIL Image as base64 JPEG string (without data: URL prefix)."""
    buffered = BytesIO()
    image.save(buffered, format="JPEG")
    return base64.b64encode(buffered.getvalue()).decode("utf-8")